Written by Lauren Ruddell
Brumation - What is it, and why do reptiles do it?
Brumation is a phenomenon observed in reptiles, which is very similar to hibernation in mammals. However, unlike hibernation, brumation is unique for reptiles, who undergo brumation to survive colder months when food becomes scarce and temperatures drop. While this process might seem mysterious, it is a vital survival strategy for many reptiles, allowing them to conserve energy when the environment is unfavorable for their usual active lifestyle.
What is Brumation?
Brumation is a state of dormancy that reptiles enter, typically during the winter. During this period, reptiles reduce their activity levels, metabolism, and bodily functions. Unlike mammals, which often remain completely inactive during hibernation, reptiles in brumation might occasionally wake up, move around, or even drink water, but they do so at a much slower pace.
Why do Reptiles Brumate?
The primary reason reptiles brumate is to conserve energy when environmental conditions are not ideal for their survival. Reptiles are ectothermic, meaning their body temperature depends on the temperature of their surroundings. In colder temperatures, reptiles cannot maintain the high level of activity required for hunting, foraging, or escaping predators. Brumation allows them to slow down their metabolism, minimizing energy expenditure until temps warm up. At that point, they’ll be able to pursue their normal actions and behaviors.
How does Brumation work?
When temperatures begin to drop, reptiles' bodies start to respond by reducing their metabolic rate. This means that their digestion, respiration, and other body processes slow down. As a result, they require less food and oxygen to survive. During brumation, reptiles often seek out a safe, sheltered spot, such as burrows, crevices, or under rocks, where they can remain undisturbed.
It's important to note that brumation is not the same for all reptiles. Some species might brumate for several months, while others may only enter a state of reduced activity for a few weeks. The duration and intensity of brumation can vary depending on the species, the climate, and even the individual reptile's health and age.
Signs of that Brumation is Starting!
For pet owners, recognizing the signs of brumation in reptiles is crucial to ensuring their pet's health and well-being. Some common signs include:
- Decreased Activity: Your pet becomes less active, spending more time resting or hiding.
- Reduced Appetite: Your pet stops eating (or eats significantly less) roaches, crickets, or anything else that’s a normal part of their diet.
- Slower Movements: Your pet may move less or not at all.
- Increased Sleep: Your pet may sleep more or appear lethargic.
It's essential to monitor your reptile closely during brumation. Ensure that it has access to fresh water and that the environment is safe and secure. While brumation is a natural process, some reptiles might need additional care to make sure they safely emerge from brumation.
Brumation vs. Hibernation
While brumation and hibernation share similarities, such as reduced metabolic activity, they are not the same. Hibernation is a deep, prolonged state of inactivity that many mammals enter to survive the winter. During hibernation, mammals remain in a deep sleep and do not wake up frequently. Brumation, on the other hand, allows reptiles to remain semi-active, with periods of wakefulness and movement, albeit at a much slower pace.
